筆者到企業(yè)走訪，發(fā)現(xiàn)一些企業(yè)尤其是化工企業(yè)，危廢暫存間或多或少都存在一些不規(guī)范問題。主要包括危險(xiǎn)廢物包裝容器或包裝物上不貼標(biāo)簽、室內(nèi)不做防滲處理、沒有導(dǎo)流槽、門上標(biāo)識(shí)錯(cuò)誤、缺少二維碼等。那么，一個(gè)合格的危廢暫存間到底應(yīng)該長(zhǎng)啥樣？根據(jù)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，筆者結(jié)合自身工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，整理出以下幾點(diǎn)。

　　The author visited some enterprises and found that there are more or less non-standard problems in the hazardous waste temporary storage rooms, especially in chemical enterprises. Mainly including failure to label hazardous waste packaging containers or materials, lack of anti-seepage treatment indoors, absence of diversion channels, incorrect labeling on doors, and absence of QR codes. So, what should a qualified hazardous waste storage room look like? According to national standards, the author has compiled the following points based on their own work experience.

　　首先，企業(yè)危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存間須滿足國(guó)家《危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存污染控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 18597-2023）的要求，做到安全貯存、防止污染。

　　Firstly, the temporary storage room for hazardous waste in enterprises must meet the requirements of the national "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB 18597-2023), ensuring safe storage and preventing pollution.

　　其次，一個(gè)合格的企業(yè)危險(xiǎn)廢物暫存間是專門用于貯存危險(xiǎn)廢物的獨(dú)立封閉建筑或圍閉場(chǎng)所，建設(shè)符合環(huán)評(píng)要求。因此，有的企業(yè)用簡(jiǎn)陋的、不具備防風(fēng)和防雨功能的房間作為危廢暫存間，是不符合要求的，危廢暫存間應(yīng)具備防風(fēng)、防雨、防曬等功能。有的企業(yè)把危險(xiǎn)廢物與原料或產(chǎn)品混放，也不符合要求。

　　Secondly, a qualified enterprise hazardous waste temporary storage room is an independent enclosed building or enclosure specifically designed for storing hazardous waste, constructed in accordance with environmental impact assessment requirements. Therefore, some companies use rudimentary rooms without wind and rain protection functions as hazardous waste storage rooms, which do not meet the requirements. Hazardous waste storage rooms should have wind, rain, sun protection and other functions. Some companies mix hazardous waste with raw materials or products, which does not meet the requirements.

　　危廢暫存間的地面和至少1.2米高的墻面要做硬化及防滲處理。如果貯存酸堿等腐蝕性廢物，還應(yīng)做防腐處理。危廢暫存間的門口地面要高于室內(nèi)，設(shè)圍堰或門檻，防止廢液外流。地面設(shè)置泄漏液體導(dǎo)流槽，收集并導(dǎo)入收集池。貯存易燃易爆品時(shí)，電氣設(shè)施需防爆。貯存產(chǎn)生粉塵、有毒有害氣體的廢物時(shí)，應(yīng)設(shè)置氣體收集和凈化裝置。不同類別、特性的危險(xiǎn)廢物要分區(qū)存放，并有明顯的分區(qū)標(biāo)志，分區(qū)之間可通過隔板、隔墻等方式進(jìn)行隔離。

　　The floor and at least 1.2-meter-high wall of the hazardous waste temporary storage room should be hardened and treated with anti-seepage measures. If storing corrosive waste such as acid and alkali, anti-corrosion treatment should also be carried out. The ground level at the entrance of the hazardous waste temporary storage room should be higher than indoors, and a cofferdam or threshold should be set up to prevent the outflow of waste liquid. Set up a leakage liquid diversion channel on the ground, collect and introduce it into the collection pool. When storing flammable and explosive materials, electrical facilities must be explosion-proof. When storing waste that generates dust and toxic gases, gas collection and purification devices should be installed. Hazardous waste of different categories and characteristics should be stored in separate areas with clear zoning signs, and partitions can be used to isolate them.

　　三是每個(gè)危廢容器或包裝物上都要有危險(xiǎn)廢物標(biāo)簽。2023年7月1日起執(zhí)行的《危險(xiǎn)廢物識(shí)別標(biāo)志設(shè)置技術(shù)規(guī)范》（HJ 1276-2022）明確規(guī)定，危險(xiǎn)廢物標(biāo)簽要填寫清楚廢物名稱、代碼、主要成分、危險(xiǎn)特性、產(chǎn)生日期、重量、產(chǎn)生單位及聯(lián)系方式等，并對(duì)應(yīng)設(shè)置二維碼，實(shí)現(xiàn)“一物一碼”。

　　Thirdly, each hazardous waste container or packaging material must have a hazardous waste label. The "Technical Specification for the Setting of Hazardous Waste Identification Marks" (HJ 1276-2022), which will be implemented from July 1, 2023, stipulates that hazardous waste labels must clearly fill in the waste name, code, main components, hazardous characteristics, production date, weight, production unit, and contact information, and correspondingly set up a QR code to achieve "one material, one code".

　　四是在危廢暫存間入口處的醒目位置標(biāo)明該設(shè)施是危廢暫存間，如新警示圖形“枯樹和魚”標(biāo)志，還要標(biāo)明單位名稱和聯(lián)系電話等。

　　The fourth is to prominently indicate at the entrance of the hazardous waste temporary storage room that the facility is a hazardous waste temporary storage room, such as the new warning graphic "withered trees and fish" sign, and also indicate the name and contact phone number of the unit.

　　五是危險(xiǎn)廢物包裝容器必須使用完好的袋、桶等容器密封包裝。產(chǎn)生異味或揮發(fā)性氣體的廢物，必須密閉包裝。

　　Fifthly, hazardous waste packaging containers must be sealed with intact bags, barrels, and other containers. Waste that produces odors or volatile gases must be packaged tightly.

　　六是危廢暫存間要明確專人管理，并有危廢管理制度。建立完善的危廢臺(tái)賬，配備電子磅等，記錄危廢入庫(kù)、出庫(kù)、種類、數(shù)量等信息，確?？勺匪?。危廢轉(zhuǎn)移實(shí)行五聯(lián)單制度。按照國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定編制突發(fā)環(huán)境事件應(yīng)急預(yù)案，定期開展環(huán)境應(yīng)急演練。

　　Sixth, the hazardous waste temporary storage room should be managed by a dedicated person and have a hazardous waste management system in place. Establish a comprehensive hazardous waste ledger, equipped with electronic scales, etc., to record information on hazardous waste entering, leaving, types, quantities, etc., ensuring traceability. The transfer of hazardous waste shall be carried out under the five form system. Develop emergency plans for sudden environmental incidents in accordance with relevant national regulations and conduct regular environmental emergency drills.

　　根據(jù)貯存危廢的特性，危廢暫存間還要配備必要的消防器材、泄漏應(yīng)急處理等應(yīng)急物資，如沙土、吸附棉、收集桶和個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備手套、護(hù)目鏡等。

　　According to the characteristics of storing hazardous waste, the temporary storage room for hazardous waste should also be equipped with necessary fire-fighting equipment, emergency response materials for leaks, such as sand, absorbent cotton, collection buckets, personal protective equipment gloves, goggles, etc.

　　上述就是一個(gè)合格的企業(yè)危廢暫存間的大致模樣。總之，“防滲漏、防流失、防揚(yáng)散”是核心，還要按規(guī)定履行完備的環(huán)評(píng)、驗(yàn)收和管理手續(xù)。

　　The above is the general appearance of a qualified enterprise hazardous waste storage room. In short, "preventing leakage, loss, and scattering" is the core, and complete environmental impact assessment, acceptance, and management procedures must be carried out in accordance with regulations.